computer science and engineering

    Type casting is the process of converting a variable from one data type to another. This is especially useful when you're working with different numeric types or when dealing with inheritance in object-oriented programming. There are two main types of type casting in Java: 1. Widening Casting (Implicit): This happens automatically when converting a smaller type to a larger type size: int myInt = 9; double myDouble = myInt; 2. Narrowing Casting (Explicit): This must be done manually when converting a larger type to a smaller type: java : double myDouble = 9.78; int myInt = (int) myDouble; 3.Type casting also applies to objects in inheritance hierarchies: java : Animal a = new Dog();  // Upcasting (automatic) Dog d = (Dog) a;   class Test{  public static void main(String args[]){ byte b;  int i=257; double d=323.142; System.out.println("In conversion of byte . ");  b=(byte)i; System.out.println("convertion of double to int. "); i=(int)d; Sy...

A block scope refers to variables that are declared within a pair of curly braces {}, such as within methods, loops, or conditionals Demonstration of block scope variable:    int x; // known to all code withing block global declaration   if(x==10) {   // start new scope  int y=20; / / y known only to this block // x and y both here can be used   System.out.println("x and y" + x and "" +y);   x=y*2; } // y =100/ Error! you can't call y here because out of scope here // x  is still known here  System.out.println("x is "+x);                        } }|